![]() found that the vestibular hair cells of the inner ear, which help us keep our balance and sense head movements, had an infection rate of 26%, making them particularly vulnerable. ![]() When exposed to SARS-CoV-2, Minjin Jeong et al. The model of the Schwann cells only expressed ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine 2. This was also the case for the model of the hair cells. The three-dimensional model expressed ACE2, FURIN, and transmembrane protease serine 2, indicating their presence in the synthesized cells, and reflecting what the researchers saw in the fresh inner ear sample. The result, a self-generated inner ear organoid that reconstitutes “ the accurate and complex microenvironment found in living organisms.” In the case of the three-dimensional model, the various stem cell-derived inner ear cells were grown together in the same container for 90 days. For the two-dimensional models, the hair cells and Schwann cells were differentiated in separate petri dishes over the course of 30 days. induced pluripotent stem cells from human skin cells, and then slowly differentiated these stem cells to resemble the hair cells and Schwann cells of the inner ear. ![]() By exposing already-specialized cells to specific genetic instructions, they can be reverted back into pluripotent stem cells. Stem cells, however, are cells that have not yet undergone differentiation and are still pluripotent, meaning they can become any kind of cell. Cells become specialized through a process known as differentiation. Most cells are specialized, meaning they have a specific function based on the kind of cell they are. ![]() To create these models, the researchers made use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). ![]()
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